Rujukan Sekatan ekonomi

  1. 1 2 Drezner, Daniel W. (2021). "The United States of Sanctions". Foreign Affairs (dalam bahasa Inggeris). ISSN 0015-7120.
  2. 1 2 Biersteker, Thomas J.; Tourinho, Marcos; Eckert, Sue E. (2016), Tourinho, Marcos; Eckert, Sue E.; Biersteker, Thomas J. (penyunting), "The effectiveness of United Nations targeted sanctions", Targeted Sanctions: The Impacts and Effectiveness of United Nations Action, Cambridge University Press: 220–247, ISBN 978-1-107-13421-8
  3. 1 2 Drezner, Daniel W. (2003). "The Hidden Hand of Economic Coercion". International Organization. 57 (3): 643–659. ISSN 0020-8183.
  4. 1 2 Pape, Robert A. (1997). "Why Economic Sanctions Do Not Work". International Security. 22 (2): 90–136. doi:10.2307/2539368. ISSN 0162-2889.
  5. 1 2 Drezner, Daniel W. (2011). "Sanctions Sometimes Smart: Targeted Sanctions in Theory and Practice". International Studies Review. 13 (1): 96–108. ISSN 1521-9488.
  6. ↑ Haidar, J.I., 2015."Sanctions and Exports Deflection: Evidence from Iran," Paris School of Economics, University of Paris 1 Pantheon Sorbonne, Mimeo
  7. 1 2 Drezner, Daniel W. (2022). "How not to sanction" (PDF). International Affairs (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 98 (5): 1533–1552. doi:10.1093/ia/iiac065. ISSN 0020-5850. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2023.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Giumelli, Francesco (November 2015). "Understanding United Nations targeted sanctions: an empirical analysis". International Affairs. Oxford University Press. 91 (6): 1351–1368. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12448.
  9. ↑ "Continental System Napoleon British Embargo Napoleon's 1812". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-07-10.
  10. ↑ Mulder, Nicholas (2022). The Economic Weapon: The Rise of Sanctions as a Tool of Modern War (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-26252-0.
  11. ↑ Potter, Pitman B. (1922). "Sanctions and Guaranties in International Organization". American Political Science Review (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 16 (2): 297–303. doi:10.2307/1943965. ISSN 0003-0554. JSTOR 1943965.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Morgan, T. Clifton; Syropoulos, Constantinos; Yotov, Yoto V. (2023). "Economic Sanctions: Evolution, Consequences, and Challenges". Journal of Economic Perspectives (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 37 (1): 3–29. doi:10.1257/jep.37.1.3. ISSN 0895-3309.
  13. ↑ Buell, Raymond Leslie (1925). International Relations (dalam bahasa Inggeris). H. Holt. m/s. 564–565.
  14. ↑ Richard Pankhurst, "The Italo-Ethiopian War and League of Nations Sanctions, 1935-1936." Genève-Afrique/Geneva-Africa 13.2 (1974): 5+.
  15. ↑ George W. Baer, Test Case: Italy, Ethiopia, and the League of Nations (Hoover Institution Press, 1976).
  16. ↑ Gaines Post, Jr, "The Machinery of British Policy in the Ethiopian Crisis." International History Review 1#4 (1979): 522–541.
  17. ↑ G. Bruce Strang, "'The Worst of all Worlds:' Oil Sanctions and Italy's Invasion of Abyssinia, 1935–1936." Diplomacy and Statecraft 19.2 (2008): 210–235.
  18. ↑ Neuenkirch, Matthias; Neumeier, Florian (2015-12-01). "The impact of UN and US economic sanctions on GDP growth" (PDF). European Journal of Political Economy. 40: 110–125. doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2015.09.001. ISSN 0176-2680.
  19. ↑ Griswold, Daniel (2000-11-27). "Going Alone on Economic Sanctions Hurts U.S. More than Foes". Cato.org. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-09-23. Dicapai pada 2015-03-30.
  20. ↑ Peksen, Dursun; Jeong, Jin Mun (30 August 2017). "Domestic Institutional Constraints, Veto Players, and Sanction Effectiveness". Journal of Conflict Resolution. 63: 194–217. doi:10.1177/0022002717728105 – melalui Sage Journals.
  21. ↑ Whang, Taehee (2011-09-01). "Playing to the Home Crowd? Symbolic Use of Economic Sanctions in ..." International Studies Quarterly. Ingentaconnect.com. 55 (3): 787–801. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2011.00668.x. Dicapai pada 2015-03-30.
  22. ↑ Peksen, Dursen (2009). ""Better or Worse?": The Effect of Economic Sanctions on Human Rights."". Journal of Peace Research. 46: 59–77. doi:10.1177/0022343308098404.
  23. ↑ Habibzadeh, Farrokh (September 2018). "Economic sanction: a weapon of mass destruction". The Lancet. 392 (10150): 816–817. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31944-5. PMID 30139528.
  24. ↑ Mueller, John; Mueller, Karl (1999). "Sanctions of Mass Destruction". Foreign Affairs. 78 (3): 43–53. doi:10.2307/20049279. JSTOR 20049279.
  25. ↑ Diarkibkan Februari 27, 2014, di Wayback Machine
  26. ↑ Gordon, Joy (1999-04-04). "Sanctions as siege warfare". The Nation. 268 (11): 18–22. ISSN 0027-8378.
  27. ↑ Vengeyi, Obvious (2015). "Sanctions against Zimbabwe: A Comparison with Ancient Near Eastern Sieges". Journal of Gleanings from Academic Outliers. 4 (1): 69–87.
  28. ↑ Lee, Yong Suk (2018). "Lee, Yong Suk, 2018. "International isolation and regional inequality: Evidence from sanctions on North Korea," Journal of Urban Economics". Journal of Urban Economics. 103 (C): 34–51. doi:10.1016/j.jue.2017.11.002.
  29. ↑ "US Trade Sanctions Are a Trap for the Unwary | Norton Rose Fulbright". www.projectfinance.law (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2021-03-05.
  30. ↑ "Office of Foreign Assets Control - Sanctions Programs and Information | U.S. Department of the Treasury". home.treasury.gov. Dicapai pada 2021-03-05.
  31. ↑ "Perform Sanction, PEPs and Watchlist Verification w/ Lexis Diligence". www.lexisnexis.com. Dicapai pada 2021-03-05.
  32. ↑ "SAP Help Portal". help.sap.com. Dicapai pada 2021-03-05.
  33. ↑ "World-Check KYC Screening & Due Diligence". www.refinitiv.com (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2021-03-05.
  34. ↑ University of Houston (2013). "The Embargo of 1807". digitalhistory.uh.edu.
  35. ↑ Aaron Snyder; Jeffrey Herbener (December 15, 2004). "The Embargo of 1807 Grove City College Grove City, Pennsylvania" (PDF). gcc.edu. Grove City College. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2013-05-17.
  36. ↑ "Embargo of 1807". monticello.org. April 8, 2013.
  37. ↑ National Archives and Records Administration (15 August 2016). "Proclamation 3447--Embargo on all trade with Cuba". archives.gov.
  38. ↑ Elizabeth Flock (February 7, 2012). "Cuba trade embargo turns 50: Still no rum or cigars, though some freedom in travel". washingtonpost.com.
  39. ↑ Eric Weiner (October 15, 2007). "Officially Sanctioned: A Guide to the U.S. Blacklist". npr.org.
  40. ↑ Daniel Hanson; Dayne Batten; Harrison Ealey (January 16, 2013). "It's Time For The U.S. To End Its Senseless Embargo Of Cuba". forbes.com.
  41. ↑ Uri Friedman (September 13, 2011). "Obama Quietly Renews U.S. Embargo on Cuba". The Atlantic. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada November 13, 2013. Dicapai pada August 23, 2017.
  42. ↑ A., Conley, Heather (2016). The Kremlin Playbook: Understanding Russian influence in Central and Eastern Europe : a report of the CSIS Europe Program and the CSD Economics Program. Mina, James, Stefanov, Ruslan, Vladimirov, Martin, Center for Strategic and International Studies (Washington, D.C.), Center for the Study of Democracy (Bulgaria). Washington, DC. ISBN 9781442279582. OCLC 969727837.
  43. ↑ A law on sanctions for individuals violating fundamental human rights and freedoms of Russian citizens has been signed Diarkibkan 2013-01-02 di Wayback Machine // Kremlin.ru, 28 December 2012.
  44. 1 2 3 Newnham, Randall (July 2013). "Pipeline Politics: Russian Energy Sanctions and the 2010 Ukrainian Elections". Journal of Eurasian Studies. 4 (2): 115–122. doi:10.1016/j.euras.2013.03.001.
  45. ↑ "Russia-Ukraine 'Gas War' Damages Both Economies - Worldpress.org". www.worldpress.org (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2017-10-27.
  46. 1 2 3 Newnham, Randall E. (2015). "Georgia on my mind? Russian sanctions and the end of the 'Rose Revolution'". Journal of Eurasian Studies. 6 (2): 161–170. doi:10.1016/j.euras.2015.03.008.
  47. 1 2 Section, United Nations News Service (2016-05-04). "UN News - UN sanctions: what they are, how they work, and who uses them". UN News Service Section (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2017-10-27.
  48. ↑ Section, United Nations News Service (2011-03-14). "UN News - New UN project uses financial incentives to try to save the dugong". UN News Service Section (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2017-10-27.
  49. ↑ "Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia and Eritrea". www.un.org (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2017-10-27.
  50. ↑ "North Korea | Countries". www.nti.org. Dicapai pada 2017-10-27.
  51. ↑ "Security Council Imposes Fresh Sanctions on Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Unanimously Adopting Resolution 2270 (2016) | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases". www.un.org (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2017-10-27.
  52. ↑ "Why Did Sanctions Fail Against North Korea?". Foreign Policy. Dicapai pada 2017-10-27.
  53. ↑ "UN Arms embargo on Libya". www.sipri.org (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2017-12-06.
  54. ↑ "Evaluating the Impacts and Effectiveness of Targeted Sanctions". webcache.googleusercontent.com. Dicapai pada 2017-12-07.
  55. ↑ UNICEF. "webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Cw9j0nFWr-8J:www.unicefinemergencies.com/downloads/eresource/docs/Sanctions/2011-06-21%2520Literature%2520Review%2520on%2520the%2520Effects%2520of%2520Targeted%2520Sanctions.docx+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=safari". webcache.googleusercontent.com. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2019-05-04. Dicapai pada 2017-12-07.
  56. ↑ "Oil Embargo against Apartheid South Africa on richardknight.com".
  57. ↑ Murphy, Caryle (1979-04-27). "To Cope With Embargoes, S. Africa Converts Coal Into Oil". Washington Post (dalam bahasa Inggeris). ISSN 0190-8286. Dicapai pada 2020-12-12.
  58. ↑ "Pearl Harbor Raid, 7 December 1941". Washington: Department of the Navy -- Naval Historical Center. 3 December 2000. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 6 December 2000. Dicapai pada 20 July 2019. The 7 December 1941 Japanese raid on Pearl Harbor was one of the great defining moments in history. A single carefully-planned and well-executed stroke removed the United States Navy's battleship force as a possible threat to the Japanese Empire's southward expansion. [...] The Japanese military, deeply engaged in the seemingly endless war it had started against China in mid-1937, badly needed oil and other raw materials. Commercial access to these was gradually curtailed as the conquests continued. In July 1941 the Western powers effectively halted trade with Japan. From then on, as the desperate Japanese schemed to seize the oil and mineral-rich East Indies and Southeast Asia, a Pacific war was virtually inevitable.
  59. ↑ Maugeri, Leonardo (2006). The Age of Oil. Greenwood Publishing Group. m/s. 112–116. ISBN 9780275990084.
  60. ↑ "Energy Crisis (1970s)". The History Channel. 2010.
  61. ↑ "Sanctions risk by countries".
  62. ↑ "Biden administration freezes billions of dollars in Afghan reserves, depriving Taliban of cash". The Washington Post. 2021-08-17.
  63. ↑ Leo Cendrowicz (February 10, 2010). "Should Europe Lift Its Arms Embargo on China?". Time. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada February 13, 2010.
  64. ↑ "United States embargo against Cuba - History". Dicapai pada 2022-06-16.
  65. ↑ "Russia announces 'full embargo' on most food from US, EU". Deutsche Welle. 7 August 2014.
  66. ↑ "Russia expands food imports embargo to non-EU states". English Radio. 13 August 2015. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 28 February 2021. Dicapai pada 10 November 2015.
  67. ↑ "Russia expands food import ban". BBC News. 2015-08-13. Dicapai pada 2018-06-17.
  68. ↑ "Australia bans all live cattle exports to Indonesia". BBC News. 8 June 2011. Dicapai pada 2 January 2016.
  69. ↑ United States Department of the Treasury. "What You Need To Know About U.S. Economic Sanctions" (PDF). treasury.gov.
  70. ↑ Josh Levs (January 23, 2012). "A summary of sanctions against Iran". cnn.com.
  71. ↑ Wroughton, Lesley (22 April 2019). "U.S. to end all waivers on imports of Iranian oil, crude price jumps". Reuters.
  72. ↑ "Iran oil: US to end sanctions exemptions for major importers". BBC News. 22 April 2019.
  73. ↑ "Mali sanctions regime". Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2022-06-16.
  74. ↑ Howse, Robert L. and Genser, Jared M. (2008) "Are EU Trade Oh hell no on Burma Compatible with WTO Law?" Diarkibkan Jun 7, 2010, di Wayback Machine Michigan Journal of International Law 29(2): pp. 165–96
  75. ↑ "Financial sanctions, Nicaragua". GOV.UK (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2022-06-16.
  76. ↑ "Clinton Ends Most N. Korea Sanctions". Globalpolicy.org. 1999-09-18. Dicapai pada 2015-03-30.
  77. ↑ Diarkibkan Julai 23, 2010, di Wayback Machine
  78. ↑ "Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea)". Department for Business Innovation and Skills. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 9 June 2009. Dicapai pada 8 March 2016.
  79. ↑ "Senate overwhelmingly passes new Russia and Iran sanctions". The Washington Post. 15 June 2017.
  80. ↑ Editorial, Reuters (2 August 2017). "Iran says new U.S. sanctions violate nuclear deal, vows 'proportional reaction'". Reuters.
  81. ↑ "EU sanctions Russians over rights abuses in Chechnya". Reuters. 22 March 2021.
  82. ↑ "UN arms embargo on Somalia". SIPRI. 20 December 2019.
  83. ↑ "UK sanctions relating to Somalia". GOV.UK (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2022-06-27.
  84. ↑ "U.S. Imposes New Sanctions on Sudan - Sudan | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2022-06-07.
  85. ↑ "Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC)". William & Mary (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2022-06-27.
  86. ↑ "Syria sanctions". BBC News. 27 November 2011.
  87. ↑ Talmon, Stefan (2001). "The Cyprus Question before the European Court of Justice". European Journal of International Law. 12 (4): 727–750. doi:10.1093/ejil/12.4.727.
  88. ↑ Rhodan, Maya (9 March 2015). "White House sanctions seven officials in Venezuela". Time. Dicapai pada 2 April 2019.
  89. ↑ "U.S. declares Venezuela a national security threat, sanctions top officials". Reuters. 10 March 2015. Dicapai pada 2 April 2019.
  90. ↑ Neuman, Scott (22 May 2018). "President Trump Approves New Sanctions On Venezuela". NPR.
  91. ↑ Emmott, Robin (13 November 2017). "EU readies sanctions on Venezuela, approves arms embargo". Reuters.
  92. ↑ "Canada imposes sanctions on key Venezuelan officials". CBC Canada. Thomson Reuters. 22 September 2017. Dicapai pada 3 April 2019.
  93. ↑ Zilio, Michelle (22 September 2017). "Canada sanctions 40 Venezuelans with links to political, economic crisis". The Globe and Mail. Dicapai pada 3 April 2019. Also at Punto de Corte and El Nacional
  94. ↑ "Canada to impose sanctions on more Venezuelan officials". VOA News. Reuters. 30 May 2018. Dicapai pada 4 April 2019.
  95. ↑ Camacho, Carlos (27 March 2018). "Panama sanctions Venezuela, including Maduro & 1st Lady family companies". Latin American Herald Tribune. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 24 February 2021. Dicapai pada 3 April 2019.
  96. ↑ "Swiss impose sanctions on seven senior Venezuelan officials". Reuters. 28 March 2018. Dicapai pada 3 April 2019. Also at Diario Las Americas
  97. ↑ "Sanctions Regimes". www.dfat.gov.au. Dicapai pada 28 June 2022.
  98. ↑ "UK sanctions regimes". GOV.UK (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2022-06-28.
  99. ↑ "Sanctions | United Nations Security Council". www.un.org. Dicapai pada 2022-06-28.
  100. ↑ "Sanctions: U.S. action on cyber crime" (PDF). pwc. PwC Financial Services Regulatory Practice, April, 2015.
  101. ↑ Thompson, Natalie (2020-10-01). "Countering Malicious Cyber Activity: Targeted Financial Sanctions" (dalam bahasa Inggeris). SSRN 3770816. Cite journal requires |journal= (bantuan)
  102. ↑ Bennett, Cory (29 March 2016). "Obama extends cyber sanctions power".
  103. ↑ "Brazil slaps trade sanctions on U.S. to retaliate for subsidies to cotton farmers". Content.usatoday.com. 2010-03-09. Dicapai pada 2015-03-30.
  104. ↑ "Georgia Doubles Wine Exports as Russian Market Reopens". RIA Novosti. 16 December 2013.
  105. ↑ "Resolution 1483 - UN Security Council - Global Policy Forum". Globalpolicy.org. Dicapai pada 2009-05-30.
  106. 1 2 Pakistan and India UK nuclear exports restrictions Diarkibkan 2010-02-18 di Wayback Machine
  107. ↑ Lydia Polgreen (April 2, 2012). "Mali Coup Leaders Suffer Sanctions and Loss of Timbuktu". nytimes.com.
  108. ↑ Callimachi, Rukmini (3 April 2012) "Post-coup Mali hit with sanctions by African neighbours". Globe and Mail. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  109. ↑ Cockburn, Patrick (February 4, 1994). "US finally ends Vietnam embargo". The Independent. London.
  110. ↑ "International: United Nations Welcomes Loosening of Sanctions in Gulf Region". Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Dicapai pada 2022-06-16.
  111. ↑ "Kosovo imposes embargo on Serbia". The Sofia Echo. 21 July 2011. Dicapai pada 2 January 2016.
  112. ↑ "Mandala de Elegua (2005) by Sandra María Esteves. Personal archive of Sandra María Esteves". doi:10.3998/mpub.6710954.cmp.21. Dicapai pada 2022-06-27. Cite journal requires |journal= (bantuan)
  113. ↑ Sukovic, Danilo; Jovanovic, Predrag (2001). "A Decade Under Sanctions". Dicapai pada 27 June 2022.

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